The Tide. [5] The violence developed into a guerrilla war, and as of 2021[update], clashes continue, with population centers and strategic locations largely controlled by the government engaged in counterinsurgency actions, with swathes of more remote, rural areas controlled by separatist militias and used to launch guerrilla attacks. [9] The name was coined by Fon Gorji Dinka in 1984 as part of a campaign for the restoration of autonomy and preservation of Anglophone institutions in the region.[10]. The groups will work to secure their shared border and ensure an open exchange of weapons and personnel, representatives of both the Ambazonia and IPOB movements said. Delivered Monday-Friday. Biafrans and Ambazonians are predominantly Christians, while the Fulani are mostly Muslim. De facto, Buea is the capital. ), Counties are further divided into 61 districts (LGA) governed by Prefects or District Officers. Watch FPs Ravi Agrawal in conversation with two of the contributors to the magazines cover story, Anne-Marie Slaughter and retired Gen. David Petraeus, as they reflect on whats surprised themand how to prevent future wars. Even before the Anglophone crisis, nomadic cattle-grazing Fulanis, known locally as Mbororos, clashed with locals, who are sedentary farmers, over land use in Cameroons Northwest region. For the past three weeks, an encampment of activists from Ambazonia, the English-speaking territory also known as Southern Cameroon, has been holding vigil outside the Nigerian Embassy in South . In 2016, the Ambazonia movement turned violent when government security forces cracked down on teachers and lawyers protesting the marginalization of Anglophone Cameroonians in a majority Francophone country. West Cameroon was divided into two administrative regions, which survive today: the "North West" and "South West" regions.[32]. function facebookTracking() { The Ambazonia and Biafra Alliance is critical in an area where Nigeria and Cameroon have established two autocracies that have used violence as political tools to suppress our own peoples.. I still do not understand why the United Nations did not give a third option, Feh Henry Baaboh, a legal expert in Doula, told DW. "They just shot the child, going to school, dressed in. All projects of the former West Cameroon I had either initiated or held very dear to my heart had to be taken over, mismanaged and ruined, e.g. Symbolism (Black stands for the People and Culture. [8], The term "Ambazonia" is derived from the word Ambozes, the local name for the bay at the mouth of the Wouri river, known in English as Ambas Bay. In 2018, Nigerian security forces located, arrested, and extradited 10 Cameroonian separatist leaders residing in the country. [25], On 21 April 1961, UN resolution 1608 (XV) set 1 October 1961 as the date of independence for the Southern Cameroons. Blue stands for Perseverance and liberty. The separatist group, however, stated that there would not be peace in the sub-Saharan region of Africa until Biafra and Ambazonia agitators in Nigeria and Cameroon respectively get their . The Biafra movement is well equipped with weaponry and other defense technology from Nigerias large black market. European and Asian leaders began to call the IRA unfair competition and protectionist. FPs Winter 2023 print issue brings together 12 experts to help us answer those questions. Essential analysis of the stories shaping geopolitics on the continent. Gold Star stands for Leadership, wisdom and perseverance). German explorer Gustav Nachtigal signed key treaties with several prominent kings. meant to promote adequate regional representation in government and its services have been revised or changed at the expense of those who stood for TRUTH and justice. sia invaded Ukraine, and businesses around the world confronted a decision on whether to pull out of the Russian market. We like to defer to God when there is a problem to solve! The latest news, analysis, and data from the country each week. Until 1961, the region was a British colony, Southern Cameroons, while the rest of Cameroon was a French colony, French Cameroon. Two unequal former colonies became a single federal state; however, the disparities between the two were not addressed. The Sun stands for a new era. Districts are further divided into Sub-Districts (Wards) headed by a Ward councilor who is appointed by a District Officer. [49] In practice, pro-independence militias operate largely autonomously from political leaders, who are mostly in exile.[50]. Address: 11207A Lockwood Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901, Phone Number: (301) 593-4879 Delivered Friday. One-stop digest of politics, economics, and culture. Mountains stands for the Two peaks of mount Fako (Mount Cameroon), determination and leadership. Gorji Dinka became the first head of the Ambazonia Restoration Council. However, in the 1880s, the Scramble for Africa reached full swing with European powers rushing to gain diplomatic or military control over Africa to secure colonial claims. s = b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; Reports of indiscriminate killings, torture, rape and other gender-based violence by both sides have been widely reported. Youre on the list! In 1958, the Southern Cameroons attained the status of a full autonomous region of the Nigerian Federation and Endeley's official title accordingly changed to Premier. n.callMethod.apply(n, arguments) : n.queue.push(arguments) Teachers and students have been kidnapped and killed and many schools and school materials burned while many children have had no schooling since the crisis began. There is currently only a single permanent embassy, with Nigeria. t.async = !0; Many of the problems from the initial draft have been solved. The South Cameroons delegation lacked much leverage as the interests of the UN and colonial powers were to expedite the unification rather than guarantee the autonomy of Southern Cameroons. Four stripes represent the Four districts of the county). Beyond the vast opportunity manifest in African markets, we highlight people who make a difference; leaders turning the tide, youth driving change, and an indefatigable business community. The policy represents a fig leaf, not genuine decentralization, and will not resolve a crisis of Biyas own making. Even so, a further exacerbation of ethnic tensions involving the Fulani in Cameroon is likely to have a ripple effect across the region. The Federal Republic of Ambazonia (Southern Cameroons) is an unrecognised and disputed region located in the armpit of Africa, a crossroad between west and central africa, on the Gulf of Guinea. In 2016 and 2017, a widespread protest movement was met with a violent government crackdown, which led to rioting and violence against security forces and, in 2017, a unilateral declaration of independence by Ambazonian leaders. States are governed by Premiers or State Governors, who are elected by the people, through a plurality vote, during State Elections. Several different armed factions have emerged such as the Red Dragons, Tigers, ARA, Seven Kata, ABL, with varying levels of coordination with and loyalty to Ambazonian political leaders. The first permanent European settlement on the mainland in the region was founded in 1858 by British Baptist Missionary Alfred Saker as a haven for freed slaves. FPs Ravi Agrawal sat down with industry leaders at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, to discuss how businesses can build resilience amid a turbulent geopolitical era. The last few years have brought historic challenges for multinational companies. The bay, which is located in southwestern Cameroon, is considered to be the border between southern Cameroon and the Republic of Cameroon. Tribal leaders have the ability to make laws but must not go against County laws, State Laws or National (Federal) laws. The Southern Cameroonians whom I brought into the Union have been ridiculed and referred to as "les Biafrians" (Biafrans), "les enemies dans la maison" (enemies within the house), "les traitres' (traitors), etc., and the constitutional provisions which protected this Southern Cameroonian minority have been suppressed, their voices drowned while the rule of the gun has replaced the dialogue which Southern Cameroonians cherish very much. if there were many agitations and co mments, the new social order of Fon . Separatist Movements in Nigeria and Camero Want to read more on this topic or region? Surrounded by water from all directions, Africa is a continent with clearly defined borders. There are protected areas like the Korup National Park[62] or the Takamanda National Park. Symbolism (Red stands for the Blood and strength of the people. [57], The war has been characterized by guerilla attacks by separatist militias against both security forces and against civilians suspected of collaboration or simply failing to abide militia's declared school and election boycotts or "lockdowns" which prevent all travel and activity. Then RusShow moresia invaded Ukraine, and businesses around the world confronted a decision on whether to pull out of the Russian market. 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); In 2005, the Southern Cameroons/Republic of Ambazonia became a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (UNPO) it was renewed in 2018. today We believe that Africa is poorly represented, and badly under-estimated. On 13 May 2019, the United Nations Security Council had an informal meeting to discuss the Anglophone Crisis. Logically, I would have expected the UN to give them the option of gaining independence and stand on their own, Henry Baaboh said. Media in category "Ambazonia" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. [19], Flag of Equatorial State. fbq('init', '157204581336210'); A year after the invasion, Ukraine is riddled with Russian collaborators and sympathizers. Red disk stands for the blood shed by the people for the struggle and courage. So this is very big for our cause, in our fight against these Fulani, particularly those who are coming in from Nigeria.. Despite a shared religion, the increasing involvement of Fulani in Cameroons Anglophone conflict is unlikely to fuse with the Boko Haram insurgency in the Far North region, and there is no evidence to suggest there has been a merging of the conflicts thus far, according to Akem Kelvin Nkwain, a human rights officer at CHRDA. forces and militants fighting for an independent "Ambazonia," a name . No country has formally recognized Ambazonia's independence, and it is currently the site of an armed conflict between . Cameroon and gave the new name of the country as Republic of Cameroon without r ecognizing the Ambazonia in the term. This February, in an unprecedented surge of attacks, armed Fulani raided 18 villages in Nwa subdivision, killing at least 17 people and displacing 4,200 local residents. The Nigerians have failed to act, the international community has failed to act, so we have no other choice but to get into an alliance that can better our chances to defend ourselves.. )[20] and analysing the economic, environmental and educational land scape of a territory. [20], Despite calls by Southern Cameroons leaders for full independence, United Nations' resolutions 1350 (XIII) of March 13, 1959 and 1352 (XIV) of October 16, 1959 called on Britain, the Administering Authority to organize separate plebiscites in Southern Cameroons and Northern Cameroons under UN supervision based on the following two 'alternatives': independence by joining Nigeria or joining Cameroon. The President of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia (former British Southern Cameroons), Dr. Samuel Ikome Sako, has disowned the allegation that his country was responsible for the recent attack on . The flagpole of the State Flag must always be higher than the flagpole of the county flag. . The name is derived from Ambas Bay, the bay at the territory's sea coast directly facing the Equatoguinean Island of Bioko. Yellow/Gold stands for Prosperity and value. Black fist stands for power and justice). In May 1985, he was arrested, imprisoned, and then put under house arrest for three years before escaping first to Nigeria and then to the United Kingdom.[36]. From: Africa Direct. The term Ambazonia is more usually associated with the separatist or independence-seeking faction, while the Cameroonian government and other official sources, such as the UN, continue to refer to the "Northwest Region" and "Southwest Region" (or sometimes the "NoSo" regions), the official names of the two administrative provinces since 1972. [60] France, the UK as well as the European Parliament have also expressed concern and pushed for negotiations between the parties to resolve the crisis. The flags also represent the traditional colours of the Mezam cultural wear (traditional clothes)). (Various separatist leaders deny that financial support has waned; however, fighters and aid workers on the ground confirm that extortion of war taxes and kidnap-for-ransom schemes are now the main income source to support ongoing fighting.) However, such referendum can only occur based on how the county is treated within the state (marginalisation, tribal discrimination etc. The States are governed by a State Governor who is elected into office by a Plurality vote. After separatists issued a declaration of independence for the state of Ambazonia, police staged a crackdown opposed to secession. Anglophones from Southern Cameroons are calling for an independent and sovereign nation they call Ambazonia. The bay which is located in southwestern Cameroon is considered as the boundary between Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroon. The English speaking region was then given two options by the UN; either to join Nigeria or Cameroon as a federation. Last August, when the United States passed the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), commentators celebrated the fact that the worlds biggest economy would slash its carbon emissions anShow mored provide massive tax credits to programs investing in clean energy. [19] Despite calls by Southern Cameroons leaders for full independence as a separation nation, United Nations' resolutions 1350 (XIII) of March 13, 1959 and 1352 (XIV) of October 16, 1959 called for plebiscites in Southern Cameroons and Northern Cameroons with two alternatives for ending the trusteeship: joining Nigeria or joining Cameroon. By the time British Southern Cameroons and French Cameroun gained independence in 1961, the French territory was more economically developed than its British counterpart. [6] Ambazonian forces have struggled to form a united front, and internecine conflicts have hampered efforts to negotiate with Cameroon or establish control over the various militia groups engaged in the fighting. Briefing: Cameroon's intensifying conflict and what it means for civilians, "Gorji Dinka Releases Ambazonia Message | CameroonPostline", "Cameroon Head of State's Message to the Nation 2019", "Cameroon Humanitarian Response Plan (March 2021)", "Colonial Administrative Integration of African Territories: Identity and Resistance in Nigeria's Southern Cameroons, 19221961", "United Nations Trusteeship Council. The two also discussed climate cooperation with China, the road to COP28, and much else. The English speaking people of Southern Cameroons are demanding an independent, sovereign nation they call Ambazonia.Thanks for watching, please kindly Subsc. The region was later ceded to Germany in 1887. n.push = n; Ultimately, Biafra surrendered to the federal government, but pro-Biafran and anti-government sentiment remained and has hardened in recent years. Delivered Thursday. As large parts of Ambazonia are in the Western High Plateau, they have a somewhat cooler climate than the surrounding areas in Cameroon and Nigeria. 10 Feb 2018. The Ambazonia dispute arose from the disposition of Germany's African colonies after World War I. Under the Lyttleton Constitution of Nigeria in 1954, Southern Cameroons gained limited autonomy as a Quasi-Region within the Nigerian Federation. The people of Northern and Southern Cameroons under the umbrella of the Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front (SCACUF) finally decided to affirm the independence of the English . In 1966, he succeeded in banning opposition political parties, establishing a one-party state. The lowlands along the coast and the river valleys of Manyu, both of which are parts of the Benue Trough, are warmer. Instead, Biya, who has been in power since 1982, has ordered a military crackdown on the protests. Black stands for the People and Culture. Join in-depth conversations and interact with foreign-policy experts with. In 1962, he arrested and imprisoned a number of prominent (Francophone) political opponents on charges of subversion and criticizing the state. For statistical purposes, LGAs (Districts) are further divided into wards or sub-districts which are administered by a Ward Councilor. Black stands for the People and Culture. The next day, armed gunmen attacked a police station in the same area. In a shocking video widely circulated on social media, three suspected separatist fighters in Muyuka, South-West region, beat and drag a 35-year-old woman, identified as Confort Tumassang by the. In December 2020, Kanu announced the creation of the Eastern Security Network, a pro-Biafra paramilitary wing, which Nigerian authorities have accused of carrying out a spate of attacks this year. For barrister Henry Baaboh, there is no need for a referendum like the ones which were held in Spains Catalan region or the Kurdish territory in Iraq. The English speaking region is considered an opposition bastion. IPOB was designated a terrorist group in Nigeria in September 2017. s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s) You may opt out at any time. However, tribal leaders may not partake in federal or state politics as to prevent or calm down or avoid any form of ethnic tension. Watch the video now! On a hierarchy of national land areas, Ambazonia is perched between Denmark and the Netherlands. [27], Increasing pressure for autonomy or independence reduced trust and engagement between the government and the Anglophone minority, with the result that by 2017 there was only one Anglophone among 36 ministers with portfolio in the Cameroonian government.[27]. 1134/2002, U.N. Doc. No country has formally recognized Ambazonia's independence, and it is currently the site of an armed conflict between Ambazonian separatist guerrillas and the Cameroonian military known as the Anglophone Crisis. Any of the states can secede from the federation based on a referendum that supports it, provided certain constitutional laws and human rights are broken. Jonathan Pershing, formerly the Biden administrations No. Ambazonia is located in the west of Cameroon and southeast of Nigeria on the Gulf of Guinea. document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) { November 20, 2017. In April 2014, the kidnapping of nearly 200 Chibok girls from their school gained international attention. Flag of Savannah State. There are 54 countries in Africa today, according to the United Nations. During this time, West Cameroonian leaders were critical of efforts to decrease their autonomy through expanded assertions of federal authority by Francophone administrators in West Cameroon. Moreover, Nigerian and Cameroonian security forces have repeatedly violated human rights to quell the protests. Green stands for the Fertility of the land. [33] On 6 November 1982, Ahidjo resigned and handed over power to Paul Biya who continued Ahidjo's policies and, after a falling out with Ahidjo and attempted coup by Ahidjo supporters, consolidated power in himself. In 1967, following two failed military coups and targeted ethnic violence and persecution, the Igbo people came together to form the secessionist state of Biafra, triggering a brutal two-year civil war during which the Nigerian military imposed a blockade of the state, which caused between 500,000 to 2 million civilians to die from starvation. facebookTracking(); The mountains stand for Mount Kupe and Mount Manenguba and the determination to succeed. The rough terrain of the Cameroon line and the lack of navigable rivers in much of the interior of the region claimed by Ambazonia limited colonial activity outside the coastal regions. Jess Craig is an independent journalist based in Central Africa. Cameroon's anglophone minority has long complained of discrimination at the hands of the French-speaking majority. By 1914, the Germans had established control either directly or through local leaders well into the hinterlands of the territory now claimed by Ambazonia, conquering communities such as Nkambe and establishing a garrison fort at Bamenda in 1912. Many inhabitants identify as Anglophones and resent what they perceive as discrimination and efforts to eliminate Anglophone legal, administrative, educational, and cultural institutions by the Cameroonian government. Projects were shelved even after petrol produced enough money for building them and the Limbe sea port. A curated selection of our very best long reads. On the west towards the border to Nigeria the lowlands of the Mamfe basin can be found. Each state has its own legislature, the State Council, which is unicameral and is made up of representatives from each of the districts (LGA) that make up that state. Spokespeople from the self-proclaimed Interim Government of Ambazonia, the other major Anglophone separatist group, and the Customary Government of IPOB have denounced the alliance and proclaimed that the leaders involved are impostors.. In 1858,. Separatist Movements in Nigeria and Camero BUEA, CameroonFor the past five years, factions of a secessionist movement in southeastern Nigeria and a pro-independence movement in western Cameroon have been gathering momentum, mobilizing supporters through social media, and clashing with government security forces in both countries. Orange stands for Courage and sacrifice. This African country is the second oldest democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Ghana and has access to natural wharfs on her Atlantic shore overlooked by the grandeur of the highest mountain peak in West Africa. In 1858, British missionary Alfred Saker founded a settlement for freed slaves at the bay which was later renamed Victoria. In 1919, Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally surrendered its colonies to the Allies. Dispatch: if (DWDE.dsgvo.isStoringCookiesOkay()) { Your email address will not be published. Most of Ambazonia has a tropical monsoon climate, with the coastal plain containing some of the rainiest places in the world (such as the village of Debundscha). Secession related crises are fast becoming omnipresent in Africa and have led to the fragmentation and division of many nations. ), Flag of the Midland State. Green stands for the Land and prosperity. In Nigeria, the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) is a secessionist group that advocates for the creation of the independent country of Biafra. And what happens if the United States and China continue down a path of decoupling? }(window, document, 'script', Red stands for the Strength and courage of the people. Ambazonia is admitted to the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Ulasan dan daftar putar stasiun Ambazonia National Radio . [4], The State Council has the power to impeach the Premier (State Governor), through a Motion of confidence. Evening roundup with our editors favorite stories of the day. But those ceasefire discussions have been condemned by other separatists in Cameroon and abroad, who argue that Sisiku does not have a mandate to negotiate. How does industry define morality? 'Desertions from army' The hills stand for the terrain of the land and determination to succeed. FPs Ravi Agrawal sat down with industry leaders at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, to discuss how businesses can build resilience amid a turbulent geopolitical era. We have been very careful in our association with the Biafra movement, because we didnt want to destabilize the region, but we have been cornered, he said from his base in Hong Kong. 1961. Tree stands for connection, unity and growth of the people. Africa Institute of South Africa . Symbolism (Yellow stands for Prosperity and Justice. When the League of Nations mandate system was transmuted into the UN trusteeship system in 1946, this arrangement was again provided for in the Order-in-Council of 2 August 1946 providing for the administration of the Nigeria Protectorate and Cameroons under British mandate. African news. According to John Campbell of the Council on Foreign Relations, separatist sentiment has been growing in Nigeria since Muhammadu Buharis 2015 presidential election. [17] The districts are made up of tribal territories run by Chiefs, Fon etc or villages. [58][43][59] The governments of the United States and Germany have expressed concern over the human rights violations and scaled back or cancelled military cooperation with Cameroon over reported abuses. The claimed territory formerly was known as the British Southern Cameroons (West Cameroon). That kind of posture reminds the Africa psyche of the infamous era of slavery. Golden Star stands for Leadership, unity and prosperity). Olive tree branch stands for Peace and the Hammer stands for Determination of the people). In order to prevent the outbreak of an armed uprising, Cameroon's president must go beyond superficial measures by urgently implementing key reforms and pursuing inclusive, high-level dialogue mediated by the UN or African Union. The quest for independence for Southern Cameroons began in October 2016 as lawyers and teachers took to the streets to decry perceived economic injustice as well ascultural and linguistic discrimination. Countries of Africa: . The name Ambazonia comes from Ambas Bay. Meanwhile, government forces have torched entire villages suspected of harboring separatists, disappeared and executed civilians without due process, and tortured detainees. .png 300 300; 10 KB. The country split from Sudan in 2011 and remains the African continent's youngest country. Black stands for the people, the culture. German administration was focused on establishing plantations for cash crops, and improving transportation and communication infrastructure to bring products and natural resources swiftly to ports and thence to Europe. Ambazonia News would "thank God" for saving Africa from the worst of the pandemic but that too is one of the biggest weaknesses of the African continent! In 1995, over the objection of some Anglophone Cameroonians, Cameroon was admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations recognizing former Southern Cameroon's history as a British colony. European and Asian leaders began to call the IRA unfair competition and protectionist. n.loaded = !0; Savannah State Counties (demonym; Savannese): Flag of Ngo-Ketundjia.Symbolism (Green stands for the Fertility of the Land. Security. [27], In 1961, the government of Cameroon, with continuing assistance from France, was fighting a civil war against remnants of pro-independence fighters still dissatisfied with continued French influence in Cameroon or hoping to overthrow the pro-Western government and implement a Marxist program. Stay updated on the topics you care about with email alerts. Britain established Ambas Bay Protectorate in 1884 with Victoria as its capital. Located along the Atlantic Ocean, it shares its borders with the Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Nigeria. 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Southeast of Nigeria in September 2017. s.parentNode.insertBefore ( t, s ) You May opt out any... Political leaders, who has been in power since 1982, has ordered military! Much else mments, the United States and China continue down a path of decoupling address will be. This topic or region laws, State laws or National ( federal ) laws fast omnipresent... Businesses around the world confronted a decision on whether to pull out 4... The Ambazonia dispute arose from the country as the British Southern Cameroons the..., sovereign nation they call Ambazonia, Nigerian and Cameroonian security forces located, arrested and.