Originally, an insertion point 1,400 metres (1,500yd) east of the peak was identified, but due to uncontrollable time constraints, the SEALs of Mako 30 were forced into an insertion to the peak itself. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? They were not proficiently trained in the type of warfare they were being tasked to execute. Australian soldiers had utilised 'virtual reality' style software for mission rehearsal prior to insertion, and this contributed significantly to their situational awareness in the darkness and poor weather conditions. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Orbiting Apache helicopters attempted to suppress enemy mortar teams, but ran into a wall of RPG and 12.7mm fire, with one Apache losing all of its electronics to an RPG hit. [6] Miscommunication between Texas 14 and higher command meant the bombardment was not that extensive and consisted of six bombs. A shared understanding of the common operating picture is now a prerequisite, and that shared understanding supports only one (not multiple) intent(s). They remained undetected in an observation post through the firefight and proved critical in co-ordinating multiple Coalition air strikes to prevent the al-Qaeda fighters from overrunning the downed aircraft, to devastating effect. While air force jets provided suppressive fire on the mountain top with individual gun runs since Mako 30 was less than 100 metres (110yd) north of the peak and Chalk 1 with its downed MH-47 was less than 100 m south of the peak. Each principal had an individual failure that created an enormous challenge to overcome in order to accomplish the mission. The SEAL team Mako 30, regrouped and was ferried by nearby units to a CH-47 to go back to Takur Ghar and search for Roberts. Security expert Bill Roggio argued that al-Qaeda "took a beating during the battle, [but] they were by no means defeated".[9]. The rockets would automatically detonate at 920 meters, catching helicopters in flak bursts (a tactic learned in the Soviet-Afghan War). Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. The operators and an assigned CSAR team boarded 3 MH-47Es while the Rangers climbed aboard a pair of MH-60G Blackhawks, launching from Bagram in the early morning. Use your time to develop a deep understanding of your topic to fully explain your stance on the topic. [16], SOF teams from Task Force K-Bar and Task Force 64, which included: Navy SEALs from SEAL Teams 2, 3 and 8, Green Berets from 3rd SFG, The Canadian Army's Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), The German Army's Kommando Spezialkrfte (KSK), the Norwegian special forces units Forsvarets Spesialkommando (FSK) and Marinejegerkommandoen (MJK), elements of the Australian Special Air Service Regiment and the New Zealand Special Air Service and the Danish special forces from Jgerkorpset. Previously stated; the commanders intent does not emphasize the why of the mission, but the mission order does. The operation took place in the Shahi-Kot Valley and Arma Mountains southeast of Zormat. At 03:45, the Ranger quick reaction force was alerted by the DCG to the area. It is the example demonstrated by Medal of Honor Recipient Master Chief Britt Slabinski. This authority would be delegated to subordinate commanders that ultimately shared one common intent. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. War cannot exist without the mind and will of man. If the DShK was not disabled before then it could shootdown Chinooks carrying the conventional forces, the SEALs planned to ambush the enemy in the pre-dawn darkness before the Rakkasans flew into the valley. Operation Anaconda suffered many obstacles, making the mission multiheaded without a clear shared understanding, which affected its outcome (ADP, 2019). MilitaryScienceCaseAnalysis.docx. In the wake of Operation Anaconda, relations between US and UK forces on the ground soured when Stars and Stripes, the magazine for American forces and their families, openly criticized the Royal Marines for returning "empty-handed" from their search for al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters claiming that Britain's contribution to the campaign was "disappointing. The forces used, consisting of the 187th Infantry Regiment ("Rakkasans") of the 101st Airborne Division, led by Colonel Frank Wiercinski, and soldiers of 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division, led by Lieutenant Colonel Paul LaCamera, were to be inserted by CH-47D Chinooks, supported by 6 AH-64A Apache helicopters and secure these blocking positions. Around this time command decided to change the frequencies for satellite radio communications which different units, including the AFO teams in their reconnaissance positions, were relying on to conduct and adapt the mission as the battle unfolded. The record for the longest combat kill by a sniper was set during Operation Anaconda by Canadian Army sniper Corporal Rob Furlong of the 3rd Battalion Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry and held for seven years until surpassed in 2009. They were unable to get a clear answer from the officer they reached and also were unable to connect with the AFO teams. Afghan Taliban commander Maulavi Saif-ur-Rehman Mansoor later led Taliban reinforcements to join the battle. Medal of Honor Monday: Navy Master Chief. Canadian and U.S. sniper teams and Afghan forces begin to sweep the Shahi-Kot valley area to root out rebel forces regrouping in the valley after the fall of the Taliban regime. Counterinsurgency: The operation, carried out by Soldiers of Company D, 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, was part of the continuous effort to sweep out insurgent strongholds. The idea is to plan sufficiently enough to reduce the chaos and uncertainty and destroy the enemies will to fight encouraged by the commanders ability to organize mission command through its seven principles. ProQuest Ebook Central. Overall, my stance is that the operation was a success. ANALYTICAL ESSAY ON THE OPERATION ANACONDA 2 Introduction Operation anaconda was carried out in Shahikot valley of eastern Afghanistan in March 2002. 3. Operation Anaconda was a necessary evil. Major General Franklin L. Hagenbeck, Commander, Combined Joint Task Force Mountain, was put in command of the operation. Bahmanyar, Mir. The six principles of mission command are: build cohesive teams through mutual trust, create shared understanding, provide a clear commander's intent, exercise disciplined initiative, use mission orders, and accept prudent risk. (2007). Effective mission command can generally be analyzed according to the six principles outlined in ADRP 6-0. Razor 02, which had been diverted to Gardez as Razor 01 was landing on Takur Ghar, returned with the rest of the quick-reaction force and Lieutenant Commander Hyder at 06:25. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/reader.action?docID=817138#, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/reader.action?docID=618737&ppg=208, https://www.defense.gov/Explore/Features/Story/Article/1736210/medal-of-honor-monday-navy-master-chief-britt-slabinski/. Operation Anaconda is comprised of a combined 200 Special Operations Troops from Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, France, Norway, New Zealand; as well as Afghan Allies (Geibel, 2002). The level or prudent risk instantly increased to an unacceptable level as soon as the battle began. Task Force K-Bar: ODAs from the 3rd SFG. Airpower Against Terror Americas Conduct of Enduring Freedom. US Department of Defense. It is circumstances like these that demonstrate and build the principle of mutual trust between warriors. These six principles are as follows; build cohesive teams through mutual trust, create shared understanding, provide a clear commanders intent, exercise disciplined initiative, use mission orders, and accept prudent risk. The Operation Anaconda is seen as the initial conventional operation style of military in Operation Enduring Freedom. The US forces suffered 80 casualties in the operation, with 8 killed and 72 wounded. The success of the operation was mainly due to the commanders recognizing and acting on the information received (Fleri, Howard, Hukill, & Searle, 2003). In Sabinskis mind, he was well aware of the risk of returning to the area of initial contact. Hyder directed the Chalk 2 leader to continue mission up the mountain and moved, alone, to link up with Mako 21 in order to assist that team's movement away from the peak thereby creating a better situation for air assets to support by fire. We are left learning the following about Operation Anaconda. The main body of TF Hammer reached its pre-assault point around 06:15 and waited for the expected "55 minute" aerial bombardment of enemy positions. However, valuable lessons were learned from Operation Anaconda and utilized in future engagements. SOF teams from Task Force K-Bar and Task Force 64 also inserted into the valley to establish observation posts which according to US planners "had to be tenable, afford good reconnaissance, and cover the identified escape routes or 'rat lines' into Pakistan"[19], Near H-Hour, Mako 31 found a group of foreign fighters that had established a position and were manning a DShK HMG on the peak where they planned to set up an observation post. At around 20:00, the quick-reaction force and Mako 30/21 were exfiltrated from the Takur Ghar peak. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. It was decided to use U.S. conventional infantry. Mission command is used to balance the art of command with the science of control. While this operation was considered an overall success, in the end, initial mission plans and the intent were far from being met. [6] The final plan foresaw two major forces: TF Hammer and TF Anvil. The operation began on March, 1, 2002, and lasted for 17 days, taking place in the Shahikot Valley of eastern Afghanistan (Council on Foreign Relations, 2017). Agreeably, competence, and the principle of mutual trust correlate with each other. In the late evening of 3 March, Lieutenant Colonel Pete Blaber received notice from Brigadier General Gregory Trebon, commander of TF 11, that two SEAL fire teams commanded by Lieutenant Commander Vic Hyder were to be inserted into the Shahi-Kot Valley. Their vital intelligence was fed back to the AFO and would prove invaluable once the operation started. [30][31], General Tommy Franks declares Operation Anaconda over, later describing it "an unqualified and complete success. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. Command and control have evolved into a well thought out structured philosophy now acknowledged as mission command. Commanders and staffs use the science of control to regulate forces and direct the execution of operations to conform to their commanders intent. The seven principles of mission command are applicable in every combat scenario. Examining how the six principles of mission command were applied revealed shortcomings some aspects as well as success others. b. The plan called for an attack on the valley, along with units positioned in the mountains to the east to prevent escape into Pakistan. Instead of 150-200 fighters in the valley as expected, post assessment held that the area contained 750 to 1,000 terrorists dug in on the high ground around the valley. The goal of shared understanding is that commanders, staffs, and unified action partners will possess a shared understanding of their operational environment, the operations purpose, problems, and approaches to solving them. This operation was designed to finish off the remaining Taliban and al Qaeda forces that were remaining after several months of intense combat who had gathered in Shahikot Valley. In Operation Anaconda, the Joint Commander (JC) failed to utilize the Air Force capabilities available to him in an effective manner, which significantly extended the duration of the mission and the amount of casualties his forces incurred. Maj. Gen. Frank Hagenbeck did confirm that al-Qaeda fighters were seen (on live video feed from a Predator drone orbiting the firefight) chasing Roberts, and later dragging his body away from the spot where he fell. And with that necessary evil comes a necessarily great mission commander. Adamec, W. Ludwig. Operation Anaconda. The art of command is used to exercise authority, to provide leadership, and to make timely decisions. Not a Good Day to Die, Berkley Reprint, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 01:20. The mutual trust would have to be achieved before American lives would be put in danger. Salvation came after dark in the form of an AC-130U Spooky gunship that unlike the faster-moving jets during the day, was able to loiter over the area and provide sustained firepower so the men could be airlifted out under cover of darkness; the group suffered 35 wounded (two chalks of which were casevaced by PaveHawk CSAR choppers) and none killed.[25]. a letter of orders from General Grant to General Sherman. The SEAL fire team, Mako 30, was picked up by an MH-47 Chinook helicopter, at 23:23 on 3 March. Between March 2 and March 16, 2002 1,700 airlifted U.S. troops and 1,000 pro-government Afghan militia battled between 300 and 1,000 al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters to obtain control of the valley. It was then called away to support other troops before the Chinook arrived. Major Bryan Hilferty states that the "major battle ended three or four days ago." General Varenikov, the commanding officer of the Soviet leadership, complained that the Afghan forces failed to develop an accurate picture of the Mujahideen defense in Zhawar, despite having enough time to do so.16 Yet, even after the Soviets took the lead, their The fighters were a mix of well equipped Uzbeks, Chechens, and Afghan Arabs. Due to the satellite communications difficulties, Razor 01 was mistakenly directed to the "hot" LZ on the peak at 332034N 691249E / 33.34278N 69.21361E / 33.34278; 69.21361. Special operations teams from the AFO detachment led by Lieutenant Colonel Pete Blaber were to provide on-location reconnaissance in the Shahi-Kot Valley for the operation. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The Taliban and al-Qaeda forces fired mortars and heavy machine guns from entrenched positions in the caves and ridges of the mountainous terrain at U.S. forces attempting to secure the area. Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan. U.S. forces had estimated the strength of the rebels in the Shahi-Kot Valley at 150 to 200, but later information suggested the actual strength was of 500 to 1,000 fighters. This was the first operation in the Afghanistan theater to involve a large number of U.S. forces participating in direct combat activities. The commander is faced with the responsibility to plan for the success of the mission with the information given regardless of how inadequate the intelligence seems. Operation Anaconda was a military operation that took place in early March 2002 as part of the War in Afghanistan. [29] although this has not been confirmed by commanders. . Mission Command in Operation Anaconda: An Analysis (Essay Sample) Instructions: Analyze and evaluate the major points of your case study for research to write your persuasive essay. Leaders cannot stress enough the significance of fabricating a command structure for combat operations. The next aircraft in line waited for the B-1B to receive permission to jettison the bomb and go round again. LCDR Hyder requested authorization to shift the insertion 24 hours to the next evening but was directed that insertion was critical to SOF providing support to the Operation. Operation ANACONDA was ultimately a success. By July the tactical-level units from the 10th Mountain Division and the 101st Airborne Division, including TF Rakkasan, had all The quick reaction force (QRF) consisted of 19 Rangers, a Tactical Air Control Party (Tacp), and a three-man USAF special tactics team carried by two Chinooks, Razor 01 and Razor 02. The men on the floor of the valley then picked up and began to patrol north again moving another 50 or so meters when an RPG was fired off a low foothill to the east. (2019). The battle and Mansoor (who was killed in 2008) were eulogized by the Taliban's official website, Voice of Jihad, on 7 March 2021.[9]. An undetermined number of Afghan fighters were also killed in the Operation Anaconda. A former KSK commander is quoted in the German magazine Stern to have said: 'The pictures of Abu Ghraib, the torture in Iraqi prison camps, did absolutely not surprise me.'[36]. No plagiarism, guaranteed! Command and control of combat land operations become a critical role of the commander. Command and control have evolved into a well thought out structured philosophy now acknowledged as mission command. Due to time constraints, a helicopter insertion would be needed for the teams to reach the peak before dawn. The militia did not have an understanding of the bigger picture and just how important they were to the success of the mission. What we can take from Operation Anaconda is the importance of implementing all six principles of mission command, which are: Build cohesive teams through mutual trust, create shared understanding, Provide a clear commander's intent, Exercise disciplined initiative, Use mission orders, Accept prudent risk. Keywords: Operation Anaconda, mission command, unified land operations. The U.S determination of destroying the Taliban supporters and the Al Qaeda organization was greatly achieved in October 2001. Operation Anaconda began before dawn on 2 March 2002. The Afghan fighters, in trucks, were devastated by mortar fire registered in advance to strike fixed points on the road. Mainly due to the multi-head command structure and the lack of time to define correct approaches to solving problems that may be encountered. Your topic to fully explain your stance on the operation Anaconda over, later describing ``! 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